【博士奖学金】最新PhD招生和奖学金信息(222)
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The exchange of bioaerosols between terrestrial ecosystems and the atmosphere
Applications accepted all year round
Bioaerosols comprise of viruses, bacteria and bacteria agglomerates, fungal and plant spores, and pollen, which widely exist in the atmosphere and have key effects on genetic transport, human health, and climate. However, the knowledge on the transport processes of bioaerosols, especially the vertical exchange of bioaerosols and the factors controlling their atmospheric transport based on observations is very limited due to the lack of advanced measurement techniques. This study will develop and apply a novel direct measurement system by integrating the state-of-the-art micrometeorological technique with the newly developed online bioaerosol sensor, supported by a modern data processing package. Field campaigns will be carried out and provide valuable information on bioaerosol exchange and interaction between terrestrial ecosystems and the atmosphere, which is required to validate and parameterize related global and regional models.
1. The candidate should have a first class or upper second class honours degree, or a master’s degree (or equivalent qualification), in Environmental Science. Evidence of good spoken and written English is essential.
2. The candidate should have an IELTS score of 6.5 or above, if the first language is not English. This position is open to all qualified candidates irrespective of nationality.
3. The student will be awarded a PhD degree from the University of Liverpool (UK) upon successful completion of the program.
CV
Two reference letters with company/university letterhead
Personal statement outlining your interest in the position
Proof of English language proficiency (an IELTS score of 6.5 or above)
Verified school transcripts in both Chinese and English (for international students, only the English version is required)
Verified certificates of education qualifications in both Chinese and English (for international students, only the English version is required)
PDF copy of Master Degree dissertation (or an equivalent writing sample) and examiners reports available
Informal enquiries may be addressed to Dr. Peng Zhao (peng.zhao@xjtlu.edu.cn)
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Fish pass installation and weir removal effects on river ecosystems
Application Deadline ：Wednesday, June 01, 2022
About the Project
River fragmentation due to the regulation of flows for water supply, navigation and energy is a major stressor impacting river ecosystems worldwide (Grill et al., 2019). The preponderance of artificial barriers such as weirs and dams in many river systems throughout the UK has initiated sustained attempts to mitigate their impacts on fish migration either through the installation of fish passes, or through partial or complete barrier removal (e.g. Kemp & O’Hanley, 2010; Cisowska & Hutchins, 2016). Despite the acknowledged effects of these restoration techniques on some species of migratory fish plus local river geomorphology and water quality, multiple issues still remain to be understood in detail and integrated into planning of fish pass installations and/or barrier removal. In particular, more information is required about impacts on wider aquatic habitats, populations of non-target species such as ‘non-migratory’ fish (Knaepkens et al., 2005) or invertebrates (MacNeil & Platvoet, 2013), the spread of invasive species, and alterations to dispersal and gene flow which are crucial to long-term population viability (Birnie-Gauvin et al., 2018; Wilkes et al., 2018).
This project will be undertaken predominantly focusing on the River Calder in West Yorkshire, in partnership with the Calder Rivers Trust, alongside literature surveys/meta-analyses to develop wider context. Industry has been hugely influential in shaping the river’s form and function. For example, in the nineteenth century, industrialisation led to widespread modification of the river to improve transport for trade, including expansion of the canal system. Advances in technology also saw ever more powerful milling machinery being driven by the water, controlled and directed by dams, weirs, sluices and gates. Many of these physical modifications still remain and contribute to the relatively poor ecological status classifications of rivers throughout the catchment (Environment Agency), although in recent years a series of fish pass and barrier removal projects have been implemented with the aim of improving fish passage, and more are in planning.
The proposed topic is relatively broad and will be focused to suit the expertise and interests of the successful candidate. Example approaches could be to undertake detailed assessments of:
(1) Fish and invertebrate communities, surveyed using eDNA approaches, throughout river systems that suffer fragmentation due to weirs and other forms of barriers;
(2) Genetic structure of selected populations of fish species above and below barriers;
(3) before-after weir removal effects on metacommunities and selected species of fish and/or invasive invertebrates such as signal crayfish. A combined approach of field surveys, experiments and modelling approaches is likely to be utilised. The successful applicant will have opportunities to undertake fieldwork to collect new primary datasets from river systems throughout West Yorkshire, with a primary focus on the River Calder catchment. This study design will allow for analyses of spatial variability in ecological community patterns and processes, plus a consideration of temporal dynamics across several seasons and/or before-after weir removals/fish pass installation in targeted river sections.
Candidate
Informal enquiries should be directed to Lee Brown l.brown@leeds.ac.uk.
Personalised care for women of advanced maternal age, from preconception to postnatal care
Application Deadline ：Monday, May 02, 2022
The proportion of births to women over the age of 40 has increased significantly in the last decade (RCOG 2013; OECD 2018). In the UK the number is at the highest level since records began (ONS 2020), with 208 births in this age group in University Hospitals Dorset (UHD) in 2020. Women deciding to delay childbearing has contributed and assisted reproductive technology has enabled women to conceive at an ‘advanced maternal age’ (AMA), but these pregnancies confer an increased risk to mother and baby (Pettersson et al, 2020; Howell and Blott, 2021). Women of AMA are four times more likely to die than women in their early 20s (Knight et al, 2021). They are also more likely to suffer significant morbidity that can have long lasting effects (Knight et al, 2021; Correa-de-Araujo and Yoon, 2021). Morbidity and mortality rates are associated with women of AMA having more multiple and preterm births, but these women are also more likely to have embarked on pregnancy with pre-existing medical conditions (Knight et al, 2021). AMA is associated with complications in early pregnancy (such as miscarriage and ectopic pregnancy), during the antenatal period (such as gestational hypertension, pre-eclampsia, and gestational diabetes) and with obstetric complications requiring admission to intensive care (Howell and Blott, 2021). This has a significant impact on costs both to the women and the health service. It is estimated that antenatal admission costs approximately £528 per day (Relph et al, 2020) and an admission to intensive care will be significantly more. The MMBRACE report highlights key messages for health professionals caring for older mothers, which include increased medical maternal assessment and monitoring throughout the childbirth continuum. However, enhancing the care pathway is not sufficient; the review found that many women of AMA had declined preventative treatments and interventions (Knight et al, 2021). A Canadian study suggests that women of AMA perceived healthcare professionals’ responses to risk in childbirth as an over-reaction and that women’s decision-making was strongly influenced by personal experiences of family and friends (Bayrampour et al, 2012). In the UK very few women of AMA who suffered significant morbidity had had a documented discussion about the potential health impacts to them or their baby (Knight et al, 2021). There is a need to improve the effectiveness of risk communication strategies to ensure that women can make informed decisions about their care. This is at the heart of the government’s commitment to personalised care, which offers a woman centred approach to care ensuring that women are given genuine choice informed by unbiased information (NHS England and NHS Improvement, 2021). This project will draw on this expertise to develop a bespoke toolkit to support women who are pregnant, or considering childbirth, in their 40s. The primary aim of the study is to develop an intervention (tool or app) that incorporates a personalised approach to risk communication for women of advanced maternal age. This will be achieved through the following objectives:
To identify existing knowledge around maternal perceptions of risk in relation to maternal age.
To understand how women and their partners view current methods of risk communication and whether these methods encourage them or deter them from engaging with health services.
To understand how healthcare professionals view risk in relation to maternal age.
To co-create a tool, which may take the form of an app, to facilitate communication between women, partners and healthcare professionals and ensure that services for women of AMA are personalised.
Candidate
Candidates for a PhD Studentship should demonstrate outstanding qualities and be motivated to complete a PhD in 4 years and must demonstrate:
Outstanding academic potential as measured normally by either a 1st class honours degree (or equivalent Grade Point Average (GPA) or a Master’s degree with distinction or equivalent
An IELTS (Academic) score of 6.5 minimum (with a minimum 6.0 in each component, or equivalent) for candidates for whom English is not their first language and this must be evidenced at point of application.
Applications are made via Bournemouth University’s website by clicking ’institution website’ button.
If you have an enquiry about this project please contact us via the ’Email institution’ button, however your application will only be processed once you have submitted an application form as opposed to emailing your CV to us.
Funded candidates will receive a maintenance grant of £15,921 per year to contribute towards living expenses during the course of your research, as well as a fee waiver for 48 months.
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